When Kasparov was 11, Botvinnik wrote, “The future of chess lies in the hands of this young man.” Makogonov helped develop Kasparov’s positional skills and taught him to play the Caro–Kann Defence and the Tartakower caspero System of the Queen’s Gambit Declined. Since retiring from chess, Kasparov has devoted his time to writing and politics. His peak FIDE chess rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
It consisted of four rapid (or semi rapid) games, in which Kasparov won 3–1, and eight blitz games, in which Kasparov won 6–2, winning the match with a final result of 9–3. Kasparov said he might play in some rapid chess events for fun, but he intended to spend more time on his books, including the My Great Predecessors series, and work on the links between decision-making in chess and other areas of life. When winning the Russian championship in 2004, he commented that it had been the last major title he had never won outright. After winning the prestigious Linares tournament for the ninth time, Kasparov announced on 10 March 2005 that he would retire from regular competitive chess. As black, Kasparov lost two (games 2 and 10), meaning Kramnik won the match 8½–6½, and Kramnik succeeded Kasparov as the Classical World Champion.citation needed Alexei Shirov and Kramnik played a candidates match to decide the challenger, which Shirov won in an upset.
The rules provided for the developers to modify the program between games, an opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses in the computer’s play revealed during the course of the match. In April 1994, Intel acted as a sponsor for the first Professional Chess Association Grand Prix event in Moscow, played at a time control of twenty-five minutes per game. In December 1992, Kasparov played thirty-seven blitz games against Fritz 2 in Cologne, winning 24, drawing 4 and losing 9. On 22 October 1989, Kasparov defeated the chess computer Deep Thought in both games of a two-game match. Kasparov went nine years winning every super-tournament he played, in addition to contesting his series of five consecutive matches with Karpov.
A revolutionary step at that time was the involvement of computer programs in analysing games, and it was Kasparov and his team who took the first steps in this direction. His games are characterised by a dynamic style of play with a focus on tactics, depth of strategy, subtle calculation and original opening ideas. He also participated in 9LX 2, finishing fifth in a field of ten players, with a score of 5/9. At the post-tournament interview, Kasparov announced that he would donate his winnings from playing the next top-level blitz exhibition match to assist funding of the American Olympiad team. At the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis on 28 and 29 April 2016, Kasparov played a 6-round exhibition blitz round-robin tournament with Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So and Nakamura in an event called the Ultimate Blitz Challenge.
Kasparov defended his PCA title in a 1995 match against Viswanathan Anand at the World Trade Center in New York City. The match considerably raised the profile of chess in the UK, with a substantial level of coverage on Channel 4. A long, tense game ensued, in which Karpov blundered away a pawn just before the first time control. A fourth match for the world title took place in 1987 in Seville, as Karpov had qualified through the Candidates’ Matches to become the official challenger once again. He was 22 years old at the time, making him the youngest-ever world champion, a record held by Mikhail Tal for over 20 years. Karpov, with White, needed to win the 24th game to retain the title but Kasparov won it with the Sicilian Defence.
The match was even after five games but Kasparov lost quickly in Game 6. The 1997 match was the first defeat of a reigning world champion by a computer under tournament conditions. In 1995, during Kasparov’s world title match with Anand, he unveiled an opening novelty that had been checked with a chess engine, an approach that would become increasingly common in subsequent years. In these tournament victories, Kasparov had a score of 53 wins, 61 draws and 1 loss in 115 games, his only defeat coming against Ivan Sokolov in Wijk aan Zee 1999. Kasparov used this variation in the 12th and 16th games of the match with Karpov in 1985; in the second of these games, he scored a victory.
Kasparov successfully used this opening, which was considered outdated, in the 1990 match against Karpov and in matches with Short and Anand. Kasparov was known for his extensive opening preparation and aggressive play in it. The rivalry between Kasparov and Karpov (often referred to as the “two Ks”) is one of the greatest in the history of chess.
Retirement from regular competitive chess
Because of Kasparov’s continuing strong results and status as FIDE world No. 1, he was included in the so-called “Prague Agreement”, masterminded by Yasser Seirawan and intended to reunite the two world championships. As White, Kasparov could not crack the passive but solid Berlin Defence in the Ruy Lopez, and Kramnik managed to draw all his games as Black. Kramnik had been a student of Kasparov’s at the famous Botvinnik/Kasparov chess school in Russia and had served on Kasparov’s team for the 1995 match with Anand. During this period, Kasparov was approached by Oakham School in the United Kingdom, at the time the only school in the country with a full-time chess coach, and developed an interest in the use of chess in education.
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Kasparov and Karpov met for a fifth time, on this occasion in New York City and Lyon in 1990, with each city hosting 12 games. With one game left, Kasparov was down a point and needed a win to draw the match and retain his title. But Karpov fought back by winning three consecutive games to level the score late in the match. This rematch took place in 1986, hosted jointly in London and Leningrad, with each city hosting 12 games.
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- Kasparov was to play a match against the FIDE World Champion Ponomariov in September 2003.
- He earned a place in the 1982 Moscow Interzonal tournament, which he won, to qualify for the Candidates Tournament.
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- Kasparov holds the record for most consecutive professional tournament victories, placing first or equal first in fifteen individual tournaments from 1981 to 1990.
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Kasparov lost the first game but won the match 7–4 (four wins, one loss). Politics threatened Kasparov’s semi-final against Victor Korchnoi, which was scheduled to be played in Pasadena, California. Kasparov won this high-class tournament by 2 points, emerging with a provisional rating of 2545, enough to rank him equal 40th in the world. Kasparov said that after the victory, he thought he had a “very good shot” at the world championship.
The player from Germany had been waiting for a withdrawal for less than two weeks. The player retained the option to reopen the complaint in the future if they wished to resume communication. However, due to a lack of response from the player, the complaint had been closed for the moment.
In 1997, he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls when he was defeated by the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a highly publicised match. Kasparov became the youngest undisputed world champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov, a record he held until 2024.c He defended the title against Karpov three times, in 1986, 1987 and 1990. From 1984 until his retirement from regular competitive chess in 2005, Kasparov was ranked the world’s No. 1 player for a record 255 months overall. Casino.guru is an independent source of information about online casinos and online casino games, not controlled by any gambling operator. An initiative we launched with the goal to create a global self-exclusion system, which will allow vulnerable players to block their access to all online gambling opportunities.
- After two draws and one win apiece, the X3D Man–Machine match ended in a draw.
- Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–2010, during which time Carlsen rose to world No. 1.
- At one point in the match, Kasparov opened a three-point lead and looked well on his way to a decisive victory.
- Another well-known case of winning an important game thanks to a novelty in the opening is Kasparov’s 10th game of the 1995 match against Anand.
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- In 2001, he refused an invitation to the 2002 Candidates Tournament to choose Kramnik’s first challenger, claiming his results had earned him a rematch with Kramnik.
Kasparov’s first international tournament was in Banja Luka, Yugoslavia, in April 1979 while he was still unrated. In early 1978, Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk. From age seven, he attended the Young Pioneer Palace in Baku and, at ten, began training at Mikhail Botvinnik’s chess school under coach Vladimir Makogonov. Kasparov began the serious study of chess after he came across a problem set up by his parents and proposed a solution. Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–2010, during which time Carlsen rose to world No. 1. He continued to hold the “Classical” world title until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000.
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After his retirement from chess in 2005, Kasparov turned to politics and created the United Civil Front, a social movement whose main goal is to “work to preserve electoral democracy in Russia.” He has vowed to “restore democracy” to Russia by restoring the rule of law. He continued to regret the blunder in the second game that cost him a crucial point. After two draws and one win apiece, the X3D Man–Machine match ended in a draw. In June 2003, Mindscape released the computer game Kasparov Chessmate, with Kasparov himself listed as a co-designer. Deep Junior was the first machine to beat Kasparov with Black and at a standard time control.
The scores from the terminated match would not carry over; however, in the event of a 12–12 draw, the title would remain with Karpov. Kasparov won games 47 and 48 to bring the score to 5–3 in Karpov’s favour. Kasparov lost game 27 (5–0), then fought back with another series of draws until game 32, earning his first-ever win against the world champion and bringing the score to 5–1.